Nucleophilic Fluorination Agents

Nucleophilic Fluorination Agents

Introduction

Nucleophilic fluorination agents are a kind of fluorine source in the F^- form of fluorination. They are very cheap and easy to obtain, and are one of the most important ways to synthesize fluorine-containing organic compounds, which have a wide range of applications. The introduction of fluorine atoms into organic compounds through nucleophilic fluorination agents often leads to changes in their physical and chemical properties as well as pharmacological and physiological activities, which makes the application of fluorine-containing compounds in the fields of medicine, pesticides and functional materials attract much attention. At present, a large number of nucleophilic fluorination agents are widely used in the synthesis of fluorine-containing compounds and play an increasingly important role in the field of fluorine chemistry.

Common Nucleophilic Fluorination Agents

There are various types of nucleophilic fluorination agents. Commonly used nucleophilic fluorination agents mainly include the following types.

• HF-type nucleophilic fluorination agents. HF-type nucleophilic fluorination agents are ideal fluorination agents in terms of cost and atom economy. The most commonly used HF-type agents are HF and organic base complexes, such as pyridine-HF and triethylamine-HF. They can work together with metal complexes or highly iodinated compounds to synthesize fluorine-containing compounds.
• TBAF nucleophilic fluorination agent. Tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) is a commercially available, readily soluble nucleophile in organic solvents. The reaction that TBAF mainly participates in is the fluorine substitution reaction. As a source of fluoride ions, it can nucleophilically substitute for groups such as chloride ions or p-toluenesulfonyl groups.
• Alkali metal fluoride type nucleophilic fluorination agents. Alkali metal fluoride type nucleophilic fluorination agents are a traditional fluorine source, which have the following advantages. Firstly, they are convenient and safe to use. Secondly, the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain. Thirdly, the post-reaction treatment is simple and the cost is low. At present, a series of alkali metal fluoride type agents have been developed, such as NaF, KF, CaF₂, CsF, etc.

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