Fluorinated Organic Electronics Materials

Fluorinated Organic Electronics Materials

Introduction

For the past 30 years, a large number of researchers in academia and industry have been studying and developing organic electronics materials due to their promise to deliver applications with novel functionalities. There are many organic electronics materials, including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), liquid crystals (LC) material, organic thin-film transistors (TFT), etc. Fluorinated organic electronics materials refer to organic electronic materials containing fluorine atoms or fluorine substituents. Because the addition of fluorine atoms and fluorinated substituents can not only regulate the photoelectric properties of materials, but also affect the solid structure and improve the stability. Thus, fluorinated organic electronics materials have received extensive attention in recent years, and show broad development prospects.

Common Fluorinated Organic Electronics Materials

• Fluorinated liquid crystals (LC) material: LC is materials that, in a certain temperature range, exist in the liquid state but exhibit anisotropic physical properties. Fluorinated LC is a material formed by adding fluoro substituents to LC molecules. Due to the excellent stability of C-F and the small size and low polarizability of fluorine, fluorinated LC has a very low intermolecular dispersion interaction. In addition, fluorinated LC has improved chemical and physical properties of mesophase morphology, melting point and transition temperature, and dielectric, optical and viscoelastic properties compared with non-fluorinated LC material. Thus, fluorinated LC shows good application potential in displays, in particular in source matrix thin film transistor (AM-TFT) ^[1].

Fig.1 Structures of representative fluorinated LC molecular.

• Fluorinated organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs): Similarly, fluorinated OLEDs material refers to the OLEDs materials containing fluorine atoms or fluorine substituents. A variety of materials such as conjugated polymers, conjugated oligomers, small molecules, metal complexes can be used as OLEDs materials. Correspondingly, various fluorinated conjugated polymers, fluorinated conjugated oligomers, fluorinated small molecules and fluorinated metal complexes can be used as fluorinated OLEDs. Common fluorinated OLEDs materials include polystyrene containing fluorinated vinyl, fluorinated triphenylamines, fluorinated perylene bisimides, fluorinated fullerenes, fluorinated oligophenylenes, fluorinated oligoarylenevinylenes, fluorinated iridium complexes ^[2], etc. It has been found that compared to OLEDs, the electron transport properties, molecular orientation, and intermolecular interactions such as π-π stacking or hydrogen bonding improve significantly in fluorinated OLEDs.

Fig.2 Structure of fluorinated iridium complexes used as fluorinated OLEDs.

• Fluorinated dielectric-based organic field effect transistors (OFETs): In a common configuration, the OFET consists of the source and drain electrodes, semiconductor, dielectric, and gate. Fluorinated dielectric-based OFETs refer to a OFETs material whose dielectric is modified with fluorine functional groups. Fluorinated dielectric-based OFETs have garnered lots of attention for applications in memory devices, wearable electronics, and flexible sensors, due to some visible superiorities of the incorporation of fluorine functional groups into dielectrics, such as the hydrophobicity, chemical inertness, and low polarizability of the C-F bond for effectively impeding the charge-trapping process and improving carrier mobility ^[3].

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References

1. Berger R., et al. Organic fluorine compounds: a great opportunity for enhanced materials properties[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2011, 40(7): 3496-3508.
2. Ragni R., et al. Organic and organometallic fluorinated materials for electronics and optoelectronics: A survey on recent research[J]. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2018, 2018(27-28): 3500-3519.
3. Li H., et al. Recent Progress in Fluorinated Dielectric‐Based Organic Field‐Effect Transistors and Applications[J]. Advanced Sensor Research, 2023: 2300034.