Fluorinated Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs)

Fluorinated Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs)

Introduction

Fluorinated metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as a rapidly growing class of porous material, not only have the advantage of large specific surface area of metal-organic framework materials, but also possesses the higher stability toward aqueous or other acidic/basic conditions compared to that of its nonfluorinated analogs. Therefore, fluorinated MOFs have gradually attracted extensive attention. Fluorinated MOFs have the advantages of diverse and designable structural units, regular pore shapes, controllable pore size and porosity, and modifiable functional groups, which have played an irreplaceable role in the fields of gas adsorption, oil spill cleanup, and catalysis.

Properties

Fluorinated MOFs exhibit many common properties, such as super acidity, enhanced hydrophobicity, low surface energy and surface tension, low refractive index, exceptional chemical and biological inertness, and excellent optical and electrical properties. In addition, fluorinated MOFs can be arranged in a variety of configurations and have internal hollow channels and cavities, which is extremely important for gas adsorption applications. Fluorinated MOFs usually also have a variety of functional properties including high density, solubility in many organic solvents, high thermal-stability, air-stability, and light-stability. Fluorinated MOFs also have large breathing capacity due to guest adsorption and/or temperature variation.

Applications

With the increasingly extensive research on fluorinated MOFs, their applications have been gradually developed. At present, fluorinated MOFs have been used in the gas adsorption, oil spill cleanup and catalysis.

Gas adsorption. Fluorinated MOFs with high adsorption capacity and stable performance showed its applications for gas adsorption. Fluorinated MOFs can adsorb hydrocarbons, such as methane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, benzene and toluene, through a combination of superhydrophobicity and capillary action. Besides, they can also adsorb ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen, etc.

Oil spill cleanup. Fluorinated MOFs have become a new measure for oil spill treatment. The ultrahydrophobic fluorinated MOFs show remarkable water stability and high affinity for C₆-C₈ hydrocarbons of oil components, which allows them to selectively adsorb C₆-C₈ hydrocarbons in petroleum instead of water, and thus making them widely used for oil spill cleanup.

Catalysis. Fluorinated MOFs are used as high activity and selective catalysts, which are widely used in organic reactions. For example, they can catalyze the Diels-Alder reactions of conjugated diolefins with substituted olefins, C-H arylation reactions of a series of substrates, transesterification reaction, Knoevenagel condensation reaction and Meerwein reduction reactions of carbonyl compounds.

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