Madder Extract

Madder extract, derived from the roots of the Rubia species, is one of the most historically significant and widely used natural dyes, prized for its deep red hues. This extract has played an essential role in the textile industries of Europe, Turkey, India, and Iran, where it has been used for over 5,000 years. As a key player in the natural dye market, Alfa Chemistry offers high-quality madder extract for various textile dyeing applications, providing customers with a reliable source for achieving vibrant red shades.

Product Details and Packaging

Chemical Composition of Madder Extract

The active dye components in madder extract are primarily alizarin and ruberythric acid. Alizarin, either free or linked to a sugar (in the form of ruberythric acid), defines the color outcome. The free form of alizarin yields more vivid red shades, while ruberythric acid provides more orange tones. This dual nature makes madder extract highly versatile, offering a range of shades from light pinks to rich, wine-colored reds.

Dyeing Properties and Applications

Madder extract is particularly well-suited for dyeing protein fibers such as wool and silk. On cellulose fibers, such as cotton, it tends to produce lighter pink tones. For textile applications, madder extract is one of the most widely used plant-based dyes for achieving natural reds, pinks, and oranges.

Optimal Dyeing Conditions:

• Fiber Compatibility - Wool and silk achieve the deepest colors, while cotton and other plant fibers tend to result in softer hues.
• Mordants - Madder extract shows its most vibrant colors when used with an alum mordant. Adding calcium carbonate (chalk) can further intensify the shade. A mild acid-like cream of tartar can shift the color to soft oranges.
• Temperature Control - To avoid browning and achieve true red shades, it is recommended to maintain the dye bath temperature below 180°F (82°C).
• Usage Recommendations - Use madder extract at concentrations of 3-8% weight of fiber (WOF) for medium shades. A typical 50g of madder extract can dye approximately 750g of fiber to a deep red shade.

Historical Significance and Varieties

Madder has been used since ancient times in regions such as Central Asia, the Middle East, India, and Europe. Known for producing the iconic "Turkey red," a deep, highly prized color, the dyeing process for this shade was a closely guarded secret for centuries. Madder extract can be derived from several species of the Rubia genus, each contributing slightly different dye properties:

• Rubia tinctorum: Common in Europe and Central Asia, producing classic red shades.
• Rubia cordifolia: Found in India and Pakistan, producing similar red hues.
• Rubia peregrina (Wild Madder): Less commonly used but also a source of red dye.
• Lady's Bedstraw (Galium verum): A related plant species known for producing lighter red shades.

It is important to note that our products are for research use only and are not for clinical use.