What is Solubility?
Solubility is whether or not something (solute) will dissolve in something else (solvent). It’s a property of materials that describes how the same substance dissolves in another substance at a certain temperature and pressure.
What is a Solubility Chart?
Solubility chart is a chart that tells us how different substances are soluble in solvents.
What to do with Solubility Chart?
- It is good to write down first the chemical composition of the compound.
- Second, find out what ions the compound contains based on the chemical formula and search for every ion using the solubility rule.
- Finally, query the solubility chart for its ions. Anions are up at the top and cations in the vertical position. Select the cell where the cation column and ion row meet to determine how solubilized the resulting compound is.
| Ions names and symbols | Fluoride F− | Chloride Cl− | Bromide Br− | Iodide I− | Perchlorate ClO4− | Oxide O2− | Hydroxide OH− | Sulfide S2− | Sulfate SO42− | Nitrate NO3− | Phosphate PO4 3− | Carbonate CO32− | Cyanide CN− | Thiocyanate SCN− | Acetate C2H302- | Oxalate C2O42- | Ions names and symbols |
| Hydrogen H+ | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | sS | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | Hydrogen H+ |
| Ammonium NH4+ | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | Ammonium NH4+ |
| Lithium Li+ | sS | S | S | S | S | R | S | R | S | S | sS | sS | S | S | S | S | Lithium Li+ |
| Sodium Na+ | S | S | S | S | S | R | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | Sodium Na+ |
| Potassium K+ | S | S | S | S | sS | R | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | Potassium K+ |
| Rubidium Rb+ | S | S | S | S | sS | R | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | Rubidium Rb+ |
| Caesium Cs+ | S | S | S | S | sS | R | S | R | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | Caesium Cs+ |
| Beryllium Be2+ | S | S | S | R | S | I | I | R | S | S | I | sS | R | S | S | S | Beryllium Be2+ |
| Magnesium Mg2+ | sS | S | S | S | S | R | I | R | S | S | I | sS | R | S | S | sS | Magnesium Mg2+ |
| Calcium Ca2+ | I | S | S | S | S | R | sS | R | sS | S | I | I | R | S | S | sS | Calcium Ca2+ |
| Strontium Sr2+ | sS | S | S | S | S | R | sS | R | sS | S | sS | I | S | S | S | I | Strontium Sr2+ |
| Barium Ba2+ | sS | S | S | S | S | R | S | R | I | S | I | sS | S | S | S | I | Barium Ba2+ |
| Aluminium Al3+ | sS | S | S | S | S | I | I | R | S | S | I | R | R | S | S | I | Aluminium Al3+ |
| Gallium Ga3+ | I | S | S | R | S | I | I | R | sS | S | I | R | R | S | S | / | Gallium Ga3+ |
| Manganese(II) Mn2+ | sS | S | S | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | I | S | S | S | I | Manganese(II) Mn2+ |
| Iron(II) Fe2+ | sS | S | S | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | I | S | S | S | sS | Iron(II) Fe2+ |
| Cobalt(II) Co2+ | sS | S | S | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | Cobalt(II) Co2+ |
| Nickel(II) Ni2+ | S | S | S | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | Nickel(II) Ni2+ |
| Copper(II) Cu2+ | sS | S | S | / | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | I | I | I | S | I | Copper(II) Cu2+ |
| Zinc Zn2+ | sS | S | S | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | Zinc Zn2+ |
| Cadmium Cd2+ | S | S | S | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | I | sS | sS | S | I | Cadmium Cd2+ |
| Mercury(II) Hg2+ | R | S | sS | I | S | I | I | I | R | S | I | I | S | sS | S | sS | Mercury(II) Hg2+ |
| Vanadium(III) V3+ | I | S | S | S | S | I | I | I | sS | S | I | / | / | S | / | / | Vanadium(III) V3+ |
| Chromium(III) Cr3+ | sS | S | S | S | S | I | I | I | S | S | I | I | S | S | S | / | Chromium(III) Cr3+ |
| Iron(III) Fe3+ | S | S | S | R | S | I | I | I | S | S | sS | R | S | S | S | sS | Iron(III) Fe3+ |
| Gold(III) Au3+ | R | S | sS | / | / | I | I | I | / | / | I | I | S | / | sS | / | Gold(III) Au3+ |
| Tin(II) Sn2+ | S | S | S | S | S | I | I | I | S | / | I | I | / | I | R | sS | Tin(II) Sn2+ |
| Lead(II) Pb2+ | sS | sS | sS | sS | S | I | sS | I | I | S | I | I | sS | sS | S | I | Lead(II) Pb2+ |
| Silver Ag+ | S | I | I | I | S | I | I | I | sS | S | I | I | I | I | sS | I | Silver Ag+ |
| Mercury(I) Hg2+ | R | I | I | I | S | I | / | / | sS | S | / | I | I | / | S | / | Mercury(I) Hg2+ |
| Ions names and symbols | Fluoride F− | Chloride Cl− | Bromide Br− | Iodide I− | Perchlorate ClO4− | Oxide O2− | Hydroxide OH− | Sulfide S2− | Sulfate SO42− | Nitrate NO3− | Phosphate PO4 3− | Carbonate CO32− | Cyanide CN− | Thiocyanate SCN− | Acetate C2H302- | Oxalate C2O42- | Ions names and symbols |
| Symbol | Meaning | Solubility |
| S | highly soluble or miscible | ≥20 g/L |
| sS | slightly soluble | 0.1~20 g/L |
| I | relatively insoluble | <0.1 g/L |
| R | reacts with or in water | — |
| / | unavailable | — |
