321-38-0 Purity
99%
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Specification
The efficacy of seven sulfonamides against T. gondii in an acute mouse model was evaluated. Mice used throughout the study were randomly assigned to groups of mice that were either uninfected or infected intraperitoneally with tachyzoites of T. gondii strains RH and CN. All groups were then treated with different sulfonamides, and the best candidate for treatment was determined. Sulfadiazine-sodium SD was used for comparison. The best treatment consisted of gavaging mice with mg/kg bw sulfachloropyrazine sodium SPZ twice daily for 5 days. Treatment with SPZ protected mice from death, and heart and kidney tissues of these animals were parasite-free, as determined by nested PCR. SPZ showed excellent therapeutic efficacy in treating T. gondii in an acute mouse model and is therefore a promising candidate for the treatment and prevention of T. gondii in animals.
G1 -G5 mice were given sulfachloropyrazine sodium SPZ at the same dose by different methods: G 1 mice received SPZ with 100 mL of water daily for 5 days, G2 mice once daily for 10 days, G3 mice twice daily morning and evening for 5 days, G4 mice once daily for 5 days, and G5 mice once daily for 10 days. G6 mice served as controls and received SD by gavage once daily for 10 days. G 7 and G 8 mice received saline solution as untreated controls for infection. G 9 mice remained uninfected and received saline solution. A ll mice were observed and their conditions were recorded twice daily. The experiment lasted for 65 days.
Sulfachloropyrazine sodium (SPZ) has been used in practice in combination with diazepam (DVD) to not only enhance the anticoccidial activity but also overcome drug resistance to a certain extent. Although DDI at the pharmacodynamic level has been studied, no reports have focused on the DDI at the pharmacokinetic level when SPZ is co-administered with DVD. A rapid, selective, and sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of SPZ in chicken plasma samples. The method was then applied to study the in vivo pharmacokinetics of SPZ in chickens and the DDI when co-administered with DVD.
Methods A simple and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of sulfachloropyrazine sodium (SPZ) in chicken plasma was developed using sulfachloropyrazine sodium (SDZ). Chromatographic separation was performed on an octadecylsilyl (ODS) column with a mobile phase of 1 mM ammonium formate in water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile/methanol (v/v, 1:1) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL (min). Detection was performed by monitoring the selective reaction in negative ion mode. The method was shown to be linear (r > 0.9991) over the concentration range of 0.0025 - 25 mg mL. Intra-day precision ranged from 0.65% to 7.01% and accuracy ranged from 8.01% to 0.70%, while inter-analytical precision ranged from 0.42% to 11.32% and accuracy ranged from 4.40% to 6.03%. Matrix effects and recoveries of analytes and internal standards (IS) from chicken plasma were in the range of 98.33-103.22% and 92.22-97.13%, respectively. This well-validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies in chickens after a single oral administration of SPZ-soluble powder (SPZ-SP) and SPZ-DVD (SPZ-DVD) suspension at a dose of 30 mg kg.
Mesophilic (37°C) anaerobic digestion (AD) of swine manure containing sulfachloropyridazine sodium (SCPS) and zinc was investigated. The absolute abundance (AA) of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and intI1 and intI2, as well as the degradation of SCPS as a function of bioavailable zinc (bio-Zn) content were evaluated. In digesters containing SCPS alone, the concentration of SCPS was lower than that in digesters containing both SCPS and Zn. The addition of SCPS increased the AA of sul1, sul3, drfA1, and drfA7 by 1.3-13.1-fold compared to the control digesters. However, compared with the digesters supplemented with SCPS but not Zn, AA of sul3, drfA1, and drfA7 decreased by 21.4-70.3% in the presence of SCPS and Zn, while sul1 and sul2 increased by 1.3-10.7-fold. There were significant positive correlations between SCPS and the concentrations of several ARGs and bio-Zn (P < 0.05).
Four digestion experiments were conducted, namely CK: control digestion without any additives; S: sulfachloropyridazine sodium (SCPS) 630 mg kg-1 dry weight (DW); SL: SCPS 630 mg kg-1 mixed with ZnSO4 solution to achieve a Zn content of 500 mg kg-1 DW; SH: SCPS 630 mg kg-1 mixed with ZnSO4 5000 mg kg-1 DW. Each treatment was repeated three times. SCPS concentrations were calculated based on the lowest residues in feces (adult pigs weighed approximately 50 kg during treatment). The digestion tanks were gently shaken before sampling, and 100 mL samples were collected into brown bottles for all treatments on days 0, 7, 16, 31, 46, and 52. All samples were divided into two parts, one of which was stored in a refrigerator at 4°C.
To investigate the effects of different concentrations of zinc and sulfachloropyridazine sodium (SCPS) on anaerobic digestion (AD) for biogas production, the levels of urease, dehydrogenase, and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were determined in batch experiments. The experiments were conducted in a small-scale AD unit with pig manure and wheat straw as feedstock at 37°C. Four digestion experiments were conducted using different zinc and SCPS levels. The biogas accumulation in the S treatment was 1.7 times that in the CK treatment, and the SL and SH treatments were 78% and 35% of the S treatment, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that biogas accumulation was significantly negatively correlated with VFAs (p < 0.05), and urease activity was significantly negatively correlated with zinc (p < 0.01), and significantly positively correlated with VFAs (p < 0.05).
The concentration of sulfachloropyridazine sodium SCPS was added based on the assumption that 50 mg/kg (body weight) SCPS was applied once daily and 25% of the SCPS was released into the environment, with pig excretion of 6.5 kg per day and 85% moisture content. The result was calculated to be 628.21 mg/Kg (dry weight). 630.00 mg/Kg (dry weight) was added to represent the lowest level of SCPS residue in pig manure. Two concentrations, 500 mg kgDW and 5,000 mg kgDW, were selected for exploration. Samples were collected in brown bottles on days 0, 7, 16, 31, 46, and 52 for all treatments. For each of the four digesters, the initial mixture (CK) was sampled on day 0. Biogas was collected per 50 mL plastic syringe.
The molecular formula of sulfachloropyridazine sodium is C10H8ClN4NaO2S.
The synonym for sulfachloropyridazine sodium is Prinzone.
The molecular weight of sulfachloropyridazine sodium is 306.70 g/mol.
The IUPAC name of sulfachloropyridazine sodium is sodium;(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl-(6-chloropyridazin-3-yl)azanide.
The InChI of sulfachloropyridazine sodium is InChI=1S/C10H8ClN4O2S.Na/c11-9-5-6-10(14-13-9)15-18(16,17)8-3-1-7(12)2-4-8;/h1-6H,12H2;/q-1;+1.
The InChIKey of sulfachloropyridazine sodium is ODWMXYHUKDMPTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N.
The canonical SMILES of sulfachloropyridazine sodium is C1=CC(=CC=C1N)S(=O)(=O)[N-]C2=NN=C(C=C2)Cl.[Na+].
The CAS number of sulfachloropyridazine sodium is 23282-55-5.
The European Community (EC) number of sulfachloropyridazine sodium is 245-553-0.
The UNII of sulfachloropyridazine sodium is N1LMA4960O.