Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate

• CAS: 28961-43-5
• Catalog Number: ACM28961435-5
• Category: Main Products
• Molecular Weight: 428.50
• Molecular Formula: C21H32O9
• Synonyms: Trimethylolpropane Polyoxyethylene Triacrylate
• Appearance: Colorless liquid

Case Study

Effects of thiols, lithium chloride, and ethoxylated monomers on the polymerization of ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate

Viner, Veronika, and John A. Pojman. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 49.21 (2011): 4556-4561.

Hot front polymerization is a process that propagates localized reactions in unstirred systems by Arrhenius kinetic coupling of thermal diffusion and exothermic polymerization. For multifunctional acrylates, such as trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA-n), front temperatures can reach 250°C, resulting in fumes from unreacted peroxide. The addition of thiols reduces front temperature and front velocity due to copolymerization between thiols and acrylates, while some formulations are not sufficiently reactive to sustain front polymerization. The effects of thiol relative molecular mass and thiol functionality on front temperature and velocity during the front copolymerization of TMPTA-n/ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate with different thiols were investigated. Front temperature and velocity for systems containing triacrylates and dodecyl acrylate were also investigated. Finally, the effects of lithium chloride on front velocity and front temperature in the presence of thiols were investigated.
The peroxide was dissolved in the acrylate and then the thiol was added. Then add enough filler (4 grams of kaolin or 0.80 grams of Cab-OSil M-5) and mix with 10 grams of liquid additive solution to form a putty. For mixed monomer systems, acrylate monomers such as ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate are mixed together before adding the mercaptan.

Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate used to study volumetric shrinkage of UV-curable coating formulations

Jian, Yu, et al. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research 10 (2013): 231-237.

Volume shrinkage is one of the main drawbacks of UV-curable coatings and can lead to premature failure of the coating. Due to the rapid polymerization during UV curing, real-time volumetric shrinkage is difficult to measure accurately. The shrinkage process of UV-curable formulations was systematically studied by a recently developed laser reflectance method. The effects of ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate oligomers, monomers, and photoinitiators on the shrinkage process were evaluated. Polymerization shrinkage can be reduced by increasing the oligomer/monomer ratio. Since the monomer is the main contributor to shrinkage, the chemical structure of the monomer is very important for reducing shrinkage. Methacrylate monomers reduce the final shrinkage but unfortunately reduce the conversion. Monomers with a high degree of ethoxylation reduce shrinkage while increasing the conversion. The concentration of the photoinitiator has no significant effect on the normalized shrinkage. Therefore, the low shrinkage caused by low concentrations of photoinitiator is only attributed to the significant decrease in conversion.
The Fourier transform spectrometer was operated in fast mode with an average acquisition rate of 3 scans. The ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate sample was sandwiched between two KBr crystals and irradiated with UV light. The double bond conversion rate was calculated from the UV intensity in FTIR by the decrease in the (meth)acrylate double bond absorption peak area around 810 cm-1.

Synthesis of a novel reactive diluent using ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate

Qi, Yusong, et al. Journal of applied polymer science 98.4 (2005): 1500-1504.

A novel silicone-modified polyacrylate reactive diluent was synthesized by Michael addition reaction of N,N-bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]amine with ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate and other multifunctional acrylates for UV/moisture dual-curing coatings. Their structures were characterized by NMR and FTIR, and their average molecular weight was determined by vapor pressure osmometry. The rheological behavior of the diluents studied by rotational viscometer showed that they were very close to Newtonian fluids, and the viscosity of the coating decreased uniformly with increasing concentration of the reactive diluent in the coating.
Equimolar ratios of A-1170 and multifunctional acrylates (ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, etc.) and 10 mL of methanol as a phase transfer agent were added together in a 250 mL three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a reflux condenser. The reaction was carried out under N2 protection. The mixture was heated to 50°C with mechanical stirring. The tertiary amine value of the resulting SPA was determined by titration with HClO4/diethylene glycol monomethyl ether solution to monitor the extent of Michael addition. Subsequently, when the tertiary amine value was almost unchanged, the methanol was evaporated.

Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate for inkjet formulation optimization

Dougherty, William R., et al. NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference. Vol. 19. Society of Imaging Science and Technology, 2003.

The development of aqueous radiation-curable ink formulations for inkjet applications faces the challenge of hydrolytic stability requirements. Most conventional aqueous inks are formulated in the alkaline pH range (pH ≥ 8). However, if these same dispersions are used in combination with water-soluble acrylate monomers and oligomers, the alkaline pH often causes hydrolysis of the acrylates. The result is a decrease in pH, viscosity change, and overall poor stability. Conversely, if alkaline pigment dispersions are added to acid-stable radiation-curable monomers and oligomers, the dispersion becomes unstable, resulting in pigment flocculation and viscosity change. To address this challenge, a new radiation-curable pigment dispersant and a co-surfactant were introduced to produce acid-stable pigment dispersions that remain stable when added to acrylate monomers and oligomers such as ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate. The use of these additives has been demonstrated in red, yellow, blue, and black aqueous radiation-curable inkjet formulations.
Cationic and anionic inks were prepared using formulations containing ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate. In both cases, the monomers were blended together with additional dispersant and water under low shear. The dispersions were then added slowly and the inks were mixed for one hour. Each sample was stored at 25°C and the viscosity was measured periodically. As long as the viscosity did not change by more than 10cps, and/or the ink began to phase separate, the ink was considered stable.