6309-30-4 Purity
95%
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Specification
The growth of phosphorus-containing oxide layer on commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) was achieved by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technology in sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (NaH2PO4·2H2O) acid electrolyte solution. The PEO layer contains polycrystalline rutile and anatase TiO2 phases and a small amount of amorphous phase, showing controllable corrosion resistance.
Preparation procedure of PEO coatings
· Aqueous solutions of sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (NaH2PO4·2H2O) were created using chemically pure reagents and distilled water at concentrations of 10 g/L, 20 g/L, and 30 g/L. The resulting electrolytes were measured for pH and electrical conductivity, which produced values of 5.0, 4.6, 4.4 for pH and 6.0, 11.9, 15.8 mS/cm for conductivity, respectively.
· Before the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treatment, sheets of CP-Ti grade 2 were cut into rectangular dimensions of 1.4 cm × 2.0 cm to serve as the metal substrate. These sheets were subjected to mechanical grinding using silicon carbide sandpaper with grit sizes 240, 320, and 1200. In addition, the samples underwent ultrasonic cleaning in acetone and double-distilled water for 10 minutes prior to the oxidation process.
· Three batches of samples with specific preparation conditions underwent plasma electrolytic oxidation treatment, which was conducted on the CP-Ti grade 2 samples with a unipolar pulsed DC power source operating at a frequency of 150 Hz.
Mixed crystals were prepared using sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (NaH2PO4·2H2O) at different concentrations as dopants and potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH2PO4 (KDP). Studies have shown that alkali metal Na(I) dopants are also incorporated into the crystal matrix, and morphological changes in doped samples are observed. Furthermore, second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency increases significantly when the dopant concentration is equal to the concentration of the host material in the hybrid crystal.
Growth of Na(I)-incorporated KDP crystals
· KDP and sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (Na(I)), both obtained in fine grade, were employed in this experiment. The dopant was introduced in various ratios ranging from 0.33 to 0.75 mol%, specifically: (A) 1:1, (B) 1:1.5, (C) 1:2, (D) 1:3, (E) 1.5:1, (F) 2:1, and (G) 3:1. A saturated aqueous solution of KDP was prepared to facilitate crystal growth using two techniques: slow evaporation solution growth technique (SEST) and the Sankaranarayanan-Ramasamy (SR) method.
· Crystallization occurred over a period of 20 days, yielding high-quality, transparent crystals from the solution. The best quality seed crystals were selected for the preparation of bulk crystals. The seed crystals obtained from the conventional slow evaporation technique were utilized for unidirectional growth. A mixture of saturated sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate and KDP, corresponding to ratios A, B, C, and D, was used in the SR method to grow larger single crystals unidirectionally under optimized growth conditions.
A novel design concept for the fabrication of nanocomposites by electrospinning (ES) and biomimetic in situ synthesis was proposed. The ES process produced nonwoven nanofibrous structures with 3D interconnected pores and high surface area. This design mimics the natural extracellular matrix of human tissue. In situ synthesis of CaP using a biopolymer matrix can induce better dispersion and distribution of CaP nanophases within biopolymer nanofibers compared to mechanical blending methods. Two unique nanocomposite fiber systems were explored; i) polylactic acid (PLA), a synthetic biodegradable polymer containing anhydrous dicalcium phosphate (DCPA) and ii) alginate, a natural biopolymer containing hydroxyapatite (HAp).
DCPA was synthesized in situ in PLA solution (THF/DMF) using calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (CNT) and sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate (SPM) as precursors and electrospun into fibrous scaffolds. The sodium alginate/polyethylene oxide aqueous solution containing SPM was electrospun by adding Triton X-100. The scaffolds were cut into 1.5 x 1.5 inch pieces and stirred in the CNT aqueous solution to crosslink the alginate and precipitate HAp. The scaffolds were washed twice with deionized water and freeze-dried using a freeze dryer. The nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, STEM, and TGA. Microtensile testing as well as in vitro bioactivity, biodegradability, and cell viability testing are ongoing.
Hydroxyapatite was formed on titanium oxide on titanium substrate by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in an electrolyte containing calcium acetate monohydrate (Ca(CH3COO)2·H2O) and sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate (Na2HPO4·2H2O) using pulsed power. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDS and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the microstructure, elemental composition and phase composition of the coatings. All the oxide coatings contained Ca, P as well as Ti and O, and the porous coatings consisted of anatase, rutile and hydroxyapatite. Such MAO films are expected to have important applications in artificial bone joints and dental implants.
Commercial Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates (sample size 30x15x4 mm) were used. The samples were polished with SiC sandpaper #1000, then degreased with alcohol and finally cleaned with acetone in an ultrasonic cleaner. Oxidation was performed in AC mode with water by industrial 50 Hz sinusoidal voltage (nominal ± 400 V) at a final current density of 12.5 ± 0.2 A/dm² for 15 min and 1 h on a homemade 40 kVA PEO station. The electrolyte contained 0.26 M (Ca(CH3COO)2·H2O) and 0.12 M sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate (Na2HPO4·2H2O) in tap water.