Isopropyl Myristate

• CAS: 110-27-0
• Catalog Number: ACM110270-1
• Category: Main Products
• Molecular Weight: 270.5
• Molecular Formula: C17H34O2
• Description: Ester of isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid (vegetable-derived). Low viscosity fluid non-greasy emollient, tolerates wide pH range, compatible with most surfactants. Thanks to its low viscosity and density, it has a high spreadability. Specific gravity 0.85 (at 20°C).
• Synonyms: 1-Methylethyl tetradecanoate
• IUPAC Name: Propan-2-yl tetradecanoate
• Canonical SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C
• InChI: InChI=1S/C17H34O2/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-17(18)19-16(2)3/h16H,4-15H2,1-3H3
• InChI Key: AXISYYRBXTVTFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• Boiling Point: 193 °C
• Melting Point: 3 °C
• Flash Point: >230 °F
• Density: 0.85 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• Solubility: Water-insoluble, but soluble with silicones, and hydrocarbons
• Appearance: Colorless oil-like liquid, odorless
• Application: Isopropyl myristate (IPM) is a fatty acid ester commonly used as a solvent in water-in-oil emulsion, oils, and fatty-based ointments. It is recommended for use in sterility testing according to the European, Japanese, and United States Pharmacopoeia as a diluent for oils, oily solutions, ointments, and creams due to its solvent properties that improve filterability. Additionally, Isopropyl myristate is a penetration enhancer for topical preparations and a water-clear, low viscosity oily liquid with excellent spreading capacity on the skin. Mainly utilized in cosmetics, it serves as an oil component for emulsions, bath oils, and as a solvent for active substances.
• Storage: Store in a closed container at a dry place at room temperature
• Alpha Sort: Isopropyl myristate
• Complexity: 199
• Composition: Isopropyl myristate
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
• Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• EC Number: 203-751-4
• Exact Mass: 270.255880323
• Features And Benefits: Superior emollient for non-greasy bath, body and baby oilsLubricant and compression aid for pressed powdersLight & non-tacky emollient for creams and lotions. Readily adsorbed by the skinWhen used at high concentrations it gently lifts makeup and surface dirtGives gloss and shine to hairResistant to oxidation (does not become rancid)Widely used as diluent for fragrance oils.
• Hazard Codes: Xi
• Hazard Statements: Xi:Irritant
• Heavy Atom Count: 19
• HS Code: 2712900000
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• LogP: 5.63910
• MDL Number: MFCD00008982
• Monoisotopic Mass: 270.255880323
• Odor: Practically odorless
• Packing Group: I; II; III
• Physical State: Liquid
• PSA: 26.3
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.434(lit.)
• Rotatable Bond Count: 14
• Safety Description: S26-S36
• Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
• Storage Conditions: 2-8 °C
• Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3 Ų
• Vapor Pressure: 0.000329mmHg at 25°C
• Viscosity: 4.8cp (25°C)
• WGK Germany: -

Case Study

Reactive Distillation Design for Production of Isopropyl Myristate

Pushkala, S. Purna, et al. Cleaner Chemical Engineering, 2023, 5, 100090.

Isopropyl myristate (IPM) can be produced by esterification of myristic acid and isopropyl alcohol in a reactive distillation column. In order to realize the IPM production process with high purity and high conversion rate, the reactive distillation tower and IMC-PID controller were designed using the IMC-PID-Laurent tuning method.
Production process of isopropyl myristate
· The feeds [isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and myristic acid (MA)] are fed into the reaction tower, and an esterification reaction occurs between IPA and MA in the liquid phase.
· The production design of IPM is based on azeotropic reaction distillation of entrainer. In such processes, an entrainer (cyclohexane) is added to remove water, preventing the formation of an azeotrope and thereby shifting the equilibrium forward.
· The optimal operating conditions for a reactive distillation column used to produce IPM include column pressure of 1 atm, universal gas constant of 8.3144 L bar/mol K, chemical equilibrium constant of 2, reflux of 1.99 Cal/K.mol, reboiler duty of 0.99 kJ/s, fresh liquid/vapor feed of flow rate of 12.6 mole/s, and distillate/bottom flow rate of 12.6mole fraction, etc.

Formation of Surfactant Mixed Microemulsion Using Isopropyl Myristate as Oil

Soumik Bardhan, et al. Journal of colloid and interface science, 2014, 430, 129-139.

This work reports a mixed surfactant-derived microemulsion system based on isopropyl myristate (IPM) polar lipophilic oil. In this system, a mixed surfactant microenvironment consists of cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) and nonionic (Brij-35) stabilized in 1-pentanol (Pn) and IPM.
Construction of pseudo ternary phase diagram of microemulsions
· A pseudo-ternary phase diagram was created to determine the concentration range at which microemulsions are formed by the components (oil/water/surfactant and/or cosurfactant). This diagram was constructed using the titrimetric method at room temperature.
· A mixture of oil (IPM) and surfactant (CTAB and Brij-35) was prepared with varying weight percentages, while maintaining a 1:2 ratio of surfactant to cosurfactant (Pn). The mixture was then slowly titrated with water under gentle magnetic stirring and sonicated for 10 minutes.
· Samples were classified as microemulsions if they appeared as clear, transparent, and translucent liquids, and were left overnight to ensure no phase separation occurred. After equilibration, the systems were visually assessed, with the accuracy of the phase boundaries being within 4 wt%.

Physicochemical properties of surfactant blends containing isopropyl myristate

Bardhan, Soumik, et al. Journal of colloid and interface science 402 (2013): 180-189.

The interfacial composition and thermodynamic properties of w/o mixed surfactants [(sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS/polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether, Brij-35)/1-pentanol (Pn)/isopropyl myristate (IPM)] microemulsions prepared by dilution method under various physicochemical conditions were evaluated. The number of moles of Pn (n) and bulk oil (n) at the interface as well as various thermodynamic parameters were found to depend on the molar ratio of water to surfactant (x), the concentration of Brij-35 and temperature. Temperature-insensitive microemulsions with zero specific heat capacity ðDCÞ have been formed at specific compositions. The intrinsic enthalpy change ðDHÞ of the transfer process has been evaluated based on the linear correlation between DH and DS at different experimental temperatures. Accurate characterization based on the molecular interactions between the components and conductivity and dynamic light scattering studies as a function of x Brij-35 have also been performed to provide insights into the properties of the oil/water interface of these systems. Conductivity studies show that the addition of Brij-35 to a non-permeable water/SDS/Pn/IPM system favors x-induced permeation behavior up to XBrij-35 6 0.5.
The samples consisted of mixed surfactants (SDS and Brij-35), co-surfactant (1-pentanol), oil (isopropyl myristate), and water in different ratios with constant surfactant and co-surfactant mass ratio (S:CS = 1:2) in screw-cap glass vials. The samples were single-phase, transparent, and stable. The phase behavior of the selected system was established at a fixed temperature (303 K) using a thermostatic water bath (accuracy, ±0.1 K). Small aliquots of Pn were added to turbid solutions containing SDS and Brij-35 mixtures of different compositions (XBrij-35) and water in a given solvent (IPM) at 303 K. The point at which a single-phase microemulsion is formed is evidenced by the complete loss of sample turbidity and demonstrated by the sample absorbance measured at 320 nm. The sharp drop in absorbance observed when the sample is titrated with alkanol (Pn) allows the precise determination of the amount of co-surfactant required to stabilize the microemulsion. The absorbance measurements are performed in a UV spectrophotometer using a thermostatic cell at 320 nm. For each system, the amounts of surfactant and oil mixed are 0.5 mmol and 14.0 mmol, respectively.

Isopropyl myristate microemulsion system improves the solubility of two hydrophobic drugs

Nandi, Indranil, Mohammad Bari, and Hemant Joshi. AAPS PharmSciTech 4.1 (2003): 10.

The effects of alkanols and cyclodextrins on the phase behavior of isopropyl myristate microemulsion systems were evaluated and the solubility of model drugs was examined. The triangular phase diagram of the microemulsion system was drawn using the water titration method, and the solubility values of progesterone and indomethacin were determined using the traditional shake flask method. The water assimilation capacity was determined to evaluate the formation of effective microemulsions in different systems. Alkanols showed a higher rate of microemulsion formation at higher concentrations. A correlation between the carbon number of the alkanols in the studied microemulsions and the water assimilation capacity was observed; isobutyl alcohol and isopentanol produced the best results. In conclusion, the microemulsion system improved the solubility of progesterone and indomethacin. However, the two types of cyclodextrins studied had a negative impact on the isopropyl myristate-based microemulsion system and did not improve the solubility of the two model drugs.
Isopropyl myristate (IPM) and 1-butanol were selected as the oil component and cosurfactant, respectively. Surfactant (1:1 mixture of Tween 80 and Span 20) was prepared separately. IPM and 1-butanol were added to the surfactant mixture. A pseudo-ternary phase diagram of oil, surfactant/co-surfactant and water was established using aqueous titration. The mixture of oil and surfactant/co-surfactant in a predetermined weight ratio was diluted with water by adding 10 μL of water sequentially using a micropipette. No heating was required during the preparation. However, the system was stirred using a magnetic stirrer to ensure thorough mixing. The samples were allowed to settle after each mixing and their physical condition (transparency and fluidity) was checked. If necessary, the samples were sonicated for 1 to 2 minutes to remove air bubbles and for better visual inspection. The mixture that showed no change in the meniscus after tilting 90° was considered a gel. If necessary, the samples were examined under a microscope.

Custom Q&A

What is the CAS number of Isopropyl Myristate?

The CAS number of Isopropyl Myristate is 110-27-0.

What is the molecular weight of Isopropyl Myristate?

The molecular weight of Isopropyl Myristate is 270.5.

What is the molecular formula of Isopropyl Myristate?

The molecular formula of Isopropyl Myristate is C17H34O2.

What are the synonyms of Isopropyl Myristate?

The synonyms of Isopropyl Myristate are 1-Methylethyl tetradecanoate and Propan-2-yl tetradecanoate.

What is the boiling point of Isopropyl Myristate?

The boiling point of Isopropyl Myristate is 193 °C.

What is the melting point of Isopropyl Myristate?

The melting point of Isopropyl Myristate is 3 °C.

What is the purity of Isopropyl Myristate?

The purity of Isopropyl Myristate is 95%+.

What is the density of Isopropyl Myristate at 25 °C?

The density of Isopropyl Myristate at 25 °C is 0.85 g/mL.

What are the typical applications of Isopropyl Myristate?

The typical applications of Isopropyl Myristate include use as a dispersing agent, emulsion stabilizer, lubricant, and plasticizer.

In what physical state is Isopropyl Myristate?

Isopropyl Myristate is in a liquid physical state.

Synthetic Use

Upstream Synthesis Route 1

• 67-63-0
• 112-64-1

• 110-27-0

Reference: [1]Althouse et al.
[Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 1947, vol. 24, p. 257]

Downstream Synthesis Route 1

• 110-27-0

• 544-63-8

Reference: [1]Node, Manabu; Nishide, Kiyoharu; Sai, Midori; Fuji, Kaoru; Fujita, Eiichi
[Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1981, vol. 46, # 10, p. 1991 - 1993]
[2]Theodorou, Vassiliki; Skobridis, Konstantinos; Tzakos, Andreas G.; Ragoussis, Valentine
[Tetrahedron Letters, 2007, vol. 48, # 46, p. 8230 - 8233]

* For details of the synthesis route, please refer to the original source to ensure accuracy.