D-(−)-Tartaric acid

• CAS: 147-71-7
• Catalog Number: ACM147717
• Category: Main Products
• Molecular Weight: 150.09
• Molecular Formula: C₄H₆O₆
• Synonyms: (2S,3S)-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid; D-Threaric acid; (2S,3S)-(-)-Tartaric acid; D-(-)-Tartaric Acid; D(-)-Tartaric acid
• IUPAC Name: (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioicacid
• Canonical SMILES: C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O
• InChI Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-LWMBPPNESA-N
• Boiling Point: 399.3ºC at 760mmHg
• Melting Point: 166-170ºC
• Flash Point: 210ºC
• Density: 1.76
• Appearance: White crystalline
• EC Number: 205-695-6
• Exact Mass: 150.01600
• Hazard Statements: Xi:Irritant
• Safety Description: S26-S37/39
• Stability: Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, bases, reducing agents. Combustible.

Case Study

D-Tartaric Acid-Doped Polyaniline Nanotubes for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Mu, Jingjing, et al. Journal of power sources, 2013, 242, 797-802.

Highly electrochemically efficient polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes were easily made without the need for a template in chemical synthesis, by doping them with D-tartaric acid (D-TA) dopant and ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8) oxidant. When the [D-TA]/[aniline] molar ratio was 1:1, the PANI-(D-TA) nanotube electrode showed large specific capacitance and good retention of capacitance in 1M H2SO4 aqueous solution; therefore, it makes a good electrode material for supercapacitors.
Synthesis of PANI-(D-TA) nanotubes
· Aniline monomer (An, 2 mmol) and D-TA (2 mmol) were added to 10 mL of deionised water and magnetically stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature. This reaction produced a transparent solution of D-TA/An salt. After cooling to 0-5 °C in an ice bath, the solution was dropwise added to a precooled aqueous solution of APS (2 mmol in 5 mL of deionised water). Reaction continued with magnetic stirring for 10 hours at 0-5°C. The resulting precipitate was thoroughly washed with deionized water and ethanol. At last, the powder was dried for 12 hours at 60 °C into a dark-green powder.
· In order to get the most electrochemical activity out of PANI-(D-TA) nanotubes, different molar ratios of D-TA to An ([D-TA]/[An] = 1:4, 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1) were investigated, with constant aniline monomer concentration of 0.13 M and 1:1 APS to An molar ratio for each reaction.

Growth of L/D-Tartaric Acid-Nicotinamide Organic Nonlinear Optical Crystals

Shen, Jun, et al. Journal of crystal growth, 2003, 257(1-2), 136-140.

Two single crystals, L-tartaric acid-nicotinamide (LTN) and D-tartaric acid-nicotinamide (DTN), were successfully grown from aqueous solution by cooling method. They are high-quality organic nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Unlike the usual crystal growth, these crystals grow very fast, indicating a wide growth temperature range. In addition, the growth rate of DTN single crystals is faster than that of LTN. The crystal system of LTN and DTN crystals is monoclinic, and the space group is P2.
Synthesis of LTN and DTN crystals
· LTN and DTN were synthesized by dissolving L-tartaric acid (225 g, 1.5 mol) and D-tartaric acid (225 g, 1.5 mol), respectively, in deionized water containing nicotinamide (183 g, 1.5 mol). The resulting solutions were heated until saturation. At room temperature, crystal seeds with desirable shapes and transparency formed through spontaneous nucleation in the supersaturated solutions.
· Selected seeds, measuring approximately 5 × 5 × 1-3 mm³, were utilized for further growth. The saturated solution, maintained at 58 °C, was cooled at a rate of 0.6-1.5 °C/day while the seeds were rotated at 35 rpm. The temperature of the growth solution was precisely controlled to within 0.01 °C.
· LTN crystals took 5 days to grow, whereas DTN crystals required only 10 hours. The resulting single crystals displayed good optical quality and regular shapes, measuring 12 × 42 × 2 mm³ for LTN and 28 × 12 × 3 mm³ for DTN, and were grown from seed in 350-400 ml of solution. Both crystals grew rapidly along the b-axis, leading to the selection of seeds for single crystal growth in the [0 1 0] direction, while growth ceased in the opposite direction.