Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt

• CAS: 853-67-8
• Catalog Number: ACM853678
• Category: Main Products
• Molecular Weight: 412.30
• Molecular Formula: C14H6Na2O8S2
• Synonyms: Disodium anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonate
• Appearance: Yellow to red powder

Case Study

Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt in Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries

Lee, Wonmi, et al. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 358, 1438-1445.

The proposed aqueous organic redox flow battery (AORFB) uses anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid disodium salt (2,7-AQDS) and potassium iodide (KI) as negative and positive redox-active materials. A 1 M potassium chloride (KCl) electrolyte solution dissolves these components while ethylene glycol (EG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) are added to boost 2,7-AQDS solubility and minimize unwanted side reactions with KI. These additives make the redox-active components dissolve better which increases both the energy storage capacity and performance of the AORFB. Key kinetic parameters such as the electron transfer rate constant (ks) and diffusion coefficient (D) received analysis to determine their effect on capacity.
Key Findings
· The experimental data confirms that EG increases 2,7-AQDS solubility from 0.3 M to 0.8 M when mixed with KCl solution. The enhancement originates from the dual hydroxyl groups of EG that create hydrogen bonds with sulfonyl or carbonyl oxygen atoms in 2,7-AQDS while EG's alkyl backbone establishes non-polar interactions with the aromatic phenyl group of 2,7-AQDS.
· Additionally, EG amplifies the redox activity of KI by increasing the nucleophilicity of iodide ions, thereby promoting electron transfer. Meanwhile, PVP (0.2 wt%) effectively mitigates iodine gas generation-a byproduct of KI side reactions-by forming a stable povidone-iodine complex. This complex not only curbs parasitic reactions but also preserves iodate, a key reactant in the redox process.
· When tested over ten cycles, the AORFB incorporating EG and PVP additives exhibited exceptional performance, achieving a discharge capacity of 0.7 Ah L-1, alongside coulombic and energy efficiencies of 98% and 82%, respectively.

The Redox Couple Consisting of Anthraquinone-2,7-Disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt and Tiron Reagent Used for AORFB

Permatasari, Agnesia, Wonmi Lee, et al. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 383, 123085.

This study introduced anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid disodium salt (AQDS) and 4,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-disulfonic acid (Tiron) as novel redox couples in combination with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFB).
Key Findings
· The two-electron redox reactions associated with this new couple facilitate a rapid reaction rate. However, Tiron experiences an undesirable transformation due to a Michael addition reaction during its initial cycle. Furthermore, the presence of sodium ions within the redox couple diminishes solubility in H2SO4, leading to a loss in AORFB capacity and the precipitation of AQDS.
· To mitigate the capacity loss caused by Tiron's transformation, a new activation process has been introduced. This process allows Tiron to convert into the reversible and more favorable 2,4,5,6-tetrahydroxybenzene-1,3-disulfonic acid prior to actual operation. The performance of the AORFB under this activation process is comparable to that of batteries operating without such a process, even though a significant amount of AQDS is managed during the battery operation that includes the activation step.
· Additionally, a cation exchange resin is employed to convert sodium ions into protons, while an appropriate increase in H2SO4 concentration ensures an adequate supply of protons to enhance the redox reactions.
· AORFBs utilizing this optimized process demonstrate several advantages: (i) a reduction in the volume of AQDS, (ii) an increase in the solubility of Tiron and AQDS to 0.9 M, and (iii) the maintenance of discharge capacity close to 99% after 50 cycles, with a maximum discharge capacity of 24.4 Ahr L-1.

Custom Q&A

What is the molecular formula of Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid disodium salt?

The molecular formula is C14H6Na2O8S2

What is another name for Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid disodium salt?

Another name for it is Disodium anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonate.

What is the molecular weight of Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid disodium salt?

The molecular weight is 412.3 g/mol.

What is the IUPAC name of Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid disodium salt?

The IUPAC name is disodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2,7-disulfonate.

What is the InChI of Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid disodium salt?

The InChI is InChI=1S/C14H8O8S2.2Na/c15-13-9-3-1-7(23(17,18)19)5-11(9)14(16)12-6-8(24(20,21)22)2-4-10(12)13;;/h1-6H,(H,17,18,19)(H,20,21,22);;/q;2*+1/p-2.

What is the Canonical SMILES of Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid disodium salt?

The Canonical SMILES is C1=CC2=C(C=C1S(=O)(=O)[O-])C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3)S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].

What is the CAS number of Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid disodium salt?

The CAS number is 853-67-8.

What is the hydrogen bond donor count of Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid disodium salt?

The hydrogen bond donor count is 0.

What is the hydrogen bond acceptor count of Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid disodium salt?

The hydrogen bond acceptor count is 8.

What is the topological polar surface area of Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid disodium salt?

The topological polar surface area is 165?2.