Safranal

• CAS: 116-26-7
• Catalog Number: ACM116267-1
• Category: Main Products
• Molecular Weight: 150.22
• Molecular Formula: C10H14O
• Synonyms: 2,3-Dihydro-2,2,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde
• IUPAC Name: 2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carbaldehyde
• Canonical SMILES: CC1=C(C(CC=C1)(C)C)C=O
• InChI: InChI=1S/C10H14O/c1-8-5-4-6-10(2,3)9(8)7-11/h4-5,7H,6H2,1-3H3
• InChI Key: SGAWOGXMMPSZPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• Boiling Point: 70 °C
• Melting Point: <25 °C
• Flash Point: 186 °F
• Density: 0.966 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• Solubility: water, 134.2 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
• Appearance: Yellow clear liquid (est)
• Assay: 0.99
• EC Number: 204-133-7
• Exact Mass: 150.104465066
• Grade: PHARM
• Hazard Statements: Xi
• MDL Number: MFCD00209531
• Monoisotopic Mass: 150.104465066
• Packaging: 25 kg
• Physical State: Oily liquid
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.523(lit.)
• Safety Description: 26-36
• Storage Conditions: Inert atmosphere,under -20 °C
• Supplemental Hazard Statements: H315-H319-H335
• Symbol: GHS07
• Topological Polar Surface Area: 17.1 Ų

Case Study

Study on the Pharmacological Effects of Safranal

Esmaealzadeh, Danial, et al. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2023, 26(10), 1131.

Safranal is a monoterpene aldehyde that has been confirmed by many studies to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, renal protective, gastrointestinal protective and other pharmacological activities.
· Safranal exhibits antioxidant activity in different neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative and psychological disorders. These beneficial pharmacological effects include anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, antiischemic, antitremor, memory enhancement, and neuroprotective effects.
· Other effects of safranal include anti-asthma, anti-hypertension, anti-aging, anti-cataract, etc.
· In addition, the protective effect of safranal on metabolic syndrome and diabetic nephropathy has been demonstrated.
· The pharmacological effects of safranal involve different mechanisms such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, muscle relaxation, and anti-apoptosis, as well as regulating the expression of genes and proteins related to signaling pathways such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation.

Safranal alleviates oxidative damage in rat hippocampus induced by cerebral ischemia

Hosseinzadeh, Hossein, and Hamid R. Sadeghnia. J Pharm Pharm Sci 8.3 (2005): 394-399.

Increased oxidative stress has been implicated as a mechanism for delayed neuronal cell death after cerebral ischemic injury. In this study, whether safranal, an active component of saffron stigma, can improve oxidative damage in rat hippocampus induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) was investigated. Male NMRI rats were divided into six groups, namely, sham-operated, control, ischemic, and safranal-treated groups. Transient global cerebral ischemia was induced for 20 min using a four-vessel occlusion method. Safranal was injected intraperitoneally for 5 min. Administration continued every 24 h before reperfusion and for 72 h after induction of ischemia. Oxidative stress markers, including thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), total sulfhydryl (SH) groups, and antioxidant capacity of the hippocampus (assayed using FRAP) were measured. Transient global cerebral ischemia resulted in a significant increase in TBARS levels and a decrease in antioxidant capacity (FRAP values) and total sulfhydryl (SH) concentrations compared with the sham-operated group. animals. After administration of safranal, total SH content and antioxidant capacity were increased in the hippocampus compared with the ischemic group. MDA levels in the hippocampus were significantly decreased.
Adult male NMRI rats weighing 200-300 g were used throughout the study. All of them were kept in the same room at a constant temperature (22 ± 2 °C) and illuminated from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm, and food pellets and water were provided ad libitum. The animals were divided into six groups, each containing 8 rats. Group 1 was the sham group, which only underwent surgery without inducing ischemia, and group 2 was the control group, which was injected intraperitoneally with normal saline. In groups 3-6, safranal (727.5 mg/kg, 363.75 mg/kg, 145.5 mg/kg, and 72.75 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was administered 5 minutes before reperfusion and continued to be administered every 24 hours for a duration of 72 hours after the induction of ischemia.

Effects of Safranal on Oxidative Stress

Cerdá-Bernad, Débora, et al. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 62.12 (2022): 3232-3249.

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is used as a spice for its organoleptic properties related to its coloring and flavoring properties, and it is also used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases. The main chemical components responsible for these properties are crocin, crocetin, and safranal. These compounds have been shown to have a wide range of biological activities, including antigenic toxic, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiatherosclerotic, antidiabetic, hypotensive, hypoglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antidegenerative, and antidepressant properties. The antioxidant effects of these bioactive compounds in reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mechanisms involved are presented, as several diseases are associated with oxidative stress and the generation of free radicals (FRs). Recent studies have shown that the effects of crocin, crocetin, and safranal against oxidative stress include reduced lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA] levels) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, and increased glutathione, antioxidant enzyme (superoxide) levels. dismutase [SOD], catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]) and thiol content. Therefore, the potent antioxidant effects of these saffron compounds make saffron a potential source of bioactive extracts for the development of bioactive ingredients that can be used in the production of functional foods.
The protective effects of safranal against oxidative damage and apoptosis in endothelial cells were investigated. Bovine aortic endothelial cell line was incubated with safranal for 24 h. After treatment, safranal reduced intracellular ROS levels and apoptosis rates, which was mediated through the MAPK signaling pathway, activating stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/JNK and ERK1/2. Due to its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities, saffron may be a potential drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The potential effects of safranal on Parkinson's disease were investigated using an in vitro model induced by rotenone, which increases ROS generation and apoptosis. Primary dopaminergic cells isolated from rat embryos were incubated with safranal for 4 h. The results showed that safranal could reduce intracellular ROS levels and inhibit cell apoptosis. In addition, safranal inhibited the expression of Keap1 and upregulated the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Nrf2 regulates antioxidant genes to prevent oxidative damage, and its transcriptional activity is controlled by Keap1.

Custom Reviews

August 12, 2023

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Food grade compound
Safranal is a kind of food spice, which can be used to prepare edible products.

Custom Q&A

What is the character of safranal?

Safranal is a colorless or yellowish liquid.

What kind of compound does safranal belong to?

Safranal is an organic compound, which belongs to aldehyde derivatives. Its molecule contains a double bond and a hydroxyl group.

What percentage of oxygen does safranal contain?

Safranal contains about 10.6% oxygen.

What is the melting point of safranal?

The melting point of safranal is 87-89 ℃.

How is the solubility of safranal?

Safranal is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol and soluble in chloroform and toluene.

What are the uses and functions of safranal?

Safranal has antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-biofilm, anti-epilepsy, anti-depression and other biological activities, and can be used in medicine and health care and other fields.

What are the security risks of safranal?

Safranal is irritating and corrosive. If it comes into contact with skin, eyes or respiratory tract, it may cause burns, allergies or dyspnea.

What are the precautions for the use of safranal?

When using safranal, you should wear appropriate protective equipment to avoid direct contact and store it in a dry and ventilated place.

What is the boiling point of safranal?

The boiling point of safranal is 265 ℃.

What is the molecular formula and molecular weight of safranal?

The molecular formula of a is C10H14O and its molecular weight is 150.22 g/mol.