Ginsenoside Rg3

• CAS: 14197-60-5
• Catalog Number: ACM14197605-1
• Category: Main Products
• Molecular Weight: 785.03
• Molecular Formula: C42H72O13
• Synonyms: (3β,12β)-12,20-Dihydroxydammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside
• IUPAC Name: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
• Canonical SMILES: CC(=CCC[C@@](C)([C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]3[C@]2(CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4(C)C)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)O)C
• InChI: InChI=1S/C42H72O13/c1-21(2)10-9-14-42(8,51)22-11-16-41(7)29(22)23(45)18-27-39(5)15-13-28(38(3,4)26(39)12-17-40(27,41)6)54-37-35(33(49)31(47)25(20-44)53-37)55-36-34(50)32(48)30(46)24(19-43)52-36/h10,22-37,43-51H,9,11-20H2,1-8H3/t22-,23+,24+,25+,26-,27+,28-,29-,30+,31+,32-,33-,34+,35+,36-,37-,39-,40+,41+,42-/m0/s1
• InChI Key: RWXIFXNRCLMQCD-JBVRGBGGSA-N
• Boiling Point: 885.0±65.0 °C
• Melting Point: 315-318 °C
• Flash Point: 506.2ºC
• Density: 1.3 g/ml
• Appearance: White to beige powder
• Exact Mass: 784.49700
• Hazard Statements: T,N,Xi
• Packing Group: II
• pKa: 12.85±0.70
• Safety Description: S28:After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of ... (to be specified by the manufacturer) .; S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves .; S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where
• WGK Germany: 3

Case Study

Ginsenoside Rg3's Potential as a Therapeutic Agent for High-Altitude Cardiac Injury (HACI)

Liu J, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2024, 118861.

This study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of Ginsenoside Rg3 in mice exposed to high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia, with a specific focus on its ability to inhibit the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway and mitigate ferroptosis-an iron-dependent form of cell death implicated in HACI. The findings suggest that Ginsenoside Rg3 has significant cardioprotective potential in HACI by attenuating inflammation, inhibiting ferroptosis, and suppressing the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
Methodology: To simulate high-altitude conditions equivalent to 6000 meters, a hypobaric hypoxia chamber was utilized. Male mice were randomized into groups, receiving either saline or Ginsenoside Rg3 at doses of 15 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg. Cardiac injury markers, such as CK-MB and BNP, as well as inflammatory cytokines like TNF, IL-6, and IL-1β, were analyzed. Additionally, the impact of Ginsenoside Rg3 on reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), and ferroptosis was assessed through Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. The RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway was evaluated as a potential mechanistic target of Ginsenoside Rg3.
Results: Pre-treatment with Ginsenoside Rg3 significantly improved high-altitude-induced arrhythmias and reduced cardiac injury markers and inflammation. The results showed a decrease in the expression of hypoxia-related proteins and ferroptosis markers, indicating the protective role of Ginsenoside Rg3 in cardiac tissues. Moreover, inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway was observed, corroborating its role in the regulation of ferroptosis under hypoxic conditions.

Enhanced Anti-Tumor Efficacy of Ginsenoside Rg3 in Combination with STING Agonist for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Fu Q, et al. Industrial Crops and Products, 2024, 222(2), 119589.

This study highlights the superior anti-tumor effects of combining Ginsenoside Rg3 with a STING agonist in TNBC, offering a novel therapeutic approach.
Methodology: In vitro experiments were conducted using TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T). Key assays, including MTT, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell migration assays, were employed to evaluate cell proliferation, stemness, migration, and invasion. Apoptosis was assessed through flow cytometry, while immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to determine the molecular mechanisms, particularly the role of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In vivo, a mouse xenograft model was used to validate these findings, alongside immunohistochemistry for evaluating tumor growth and changes in the tumor microenvironment.
Results: The combination of Ginsenoside Rg3 and the STING agonist demonstrated a significant inhibition of TNBC cell proliferation, reduced cancer cell stemness, and suppressed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Additionally, the combined treatment promoted apoptosis and altered the tumor microenvironment, inducing macrophage polarization towards a TAM/M1 phenotype while reversing the TAM/M2 phenotype, which is associated with tumor progression. Importantly, Ginsenoside Rg3 was shown to inhibit NF-κB activation, a key driver of tumor survival and invasion. In vivo results confirmed these in vitro findings, showing reduced tumor growth and enhanced therapeutic efficacy.

Hydrogel Microneedle Patch for Transdermal Delivery of Ginsenoside RG3 in Ovarian Cancer Treatment

Yi Y, et al. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2024, 97, 105643.

The microneedle (MN) patch developed in this study leverages gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, known for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-cytotoxicity, and non-immunogenicity. This patch is designed to overcome the limitations of oral RG3 administration by directly delivering the drug to target tissues in OC. The patch is engineered with RG3-GelMA needle tips, allowing the efficient delivery of ginsenoside RG3, and a 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone (HMPP) hydrogel base, enhancing the mechanical properties of the microneedles.
The fabrication process involved dissolving GelMA, HMPP, and RG3 in distilled deionized water, followed by vacuum cycling to fill the microneedle lumens. The patch was then solidified using ultraviolet (UV) light to ensure structural integrity. This meticulous process resulted in uniform microneedle arrays with an 800 μm tip size, specifically designed to penetrate the skin's outer layer, enhancing drug permeability and bioavailability.
Characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and stereomicroscopy, confirmed the MNs' structural precision and drug-loading efficiency. The MN patch, owing to its micron-scale dimensions, successfully achieved sustained and controlled drug release, optimizing the therapeutic impact of RG3 in OC treatment.
The study's findings underscore the potential of transdermal microneedle patches as a transformative approach in cancer therapy, specifically in enhancing the efficacy of bioactive compounds like ginsenoside RG3.

Ginsenoside Rg3 Inhibits Vasculogenic Mimicry in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma via miR-204 Modulation

Cai X, et al. Phytomedicine, 2024, 126, 155402.

This study highlights a novel anti-tumor mechanism of Ginsenoside Rg3 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), where it modulates exosomal miR-204 levels to suppress DVL3 expression, breaking the cancer stemness and inhibiting vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation. These findings suggest that Ginsenoside Rg3 may serve as an adjunct therapy, addressing the limitations of current anti-angiogenesis strategies in cancer treatment, particularly for malignancies like PAAD.
Methodology: Two PAAD cell lines (SW-1990 and PCI-35) were treated with Ginsenoside Rg3, followed by analyses of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and cancer stemness-related proteins. Exosomes from both treated and untreated PAAD cells were isolated and their effects on tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were evaluated. Additionally, miRNA sequencing identified the up-regulation of miR-204 in Rg3-treated exosomes, and rescue experiments were conducted to explore the role of miR-204 and its target, DVL3. Xenograft models were employed to validate in vivo anti-tumor effects.
Results: Ginsenoside Rg3 effectively suppressed VM formation in PAAD cells by inhibiting EMT and reducing stemness-related protein expression. Exosomes derived from Rg3-treated PAAD cells also demonstrated a significant reduction in tube-forming abilities of HUVEC and PAAD cells, mimicking anti-angiogenic effects. Crucially, Rg3 up-regulated miR-204 in exosomes, which subsequently down-regulated DVL3, a key gene maintaining cancer cell stemness. This reduction in DVL3 disrupted the VM process, suppressing tumor growth and VM formation both in vitro and in vivo.

Custom Reviews

August 28, 2023

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Good use effect
After purchasing ginsenoside Rg3, I did the corresponding research and got the expected effect.

Custom Q&A

What is the molecular formula of Ginsenoside Rg3?

The molecular formula of Ginsenoside Rg3 is C42H72O13.

What are the synonyms of Ginsenoside Rg3?

The synonyms of Ginsenoside Rg3 include 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3, (20S)-Propanaxadiol, 20s-ginsenoside rg3, S-Ginsenoside Rg3, and more.

What is the chemical structure of Ginsenoside Rg3?

The chemical structure of Ginsenoside Rg3 is a tetracyclic triterpenoid with hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta, and 20 pro-S positions.

Is Ginsenoside Rg3 an irritant?

The reference does not mention whether Ginsenoside Rg3 is an irritant.

What is the role of Ginsenoside Rg3?

Ginsenoside Rg3 has several roles, including being an apoptosis inducer, antineoplastic agent, plant metabolite, and angiogenesis modulating agent.

What plants is Ginsenoside Rg3 found in?

Ginsenoside Rg3 is found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major.

How is the hydroxy group at position 3 in Ginsenoside Rg3 modified?

The hydroxy group at position 3 in Ginsenoside Rg3 is converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside.

What other compound is Ginsenoside Rg3 functionally related to?

Ginsenoside Rg3 is functionally related to a (20S)-protopanaxadiol.

What is the IUPAC name of Ginsenoside Rg3?

The IUPAC name of Ginsenoside Rg3 is (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol.

When was Ginsenoside Rg3 created and last modified?

Ginsenoside Rg3 was created on October 25, 2006, and last modified on August 26, 2023.