D-Mannose

• CAS: 3458-28-4
• Catalog Number: ACM3458284-3
• Category: Main Products
• Molecular Weight: 180.16
• Molecular Formula: C6H12O6
• Synonyms: (+)-Mannose,Carubinose,D(+)-Mannose,Mannose,Seminose
• Boiling Point: 232.96 °C
• Melting Point: 133-140 °C (lit.)
• Density: 1.539 g/cm³
• Solubility: Soluble in water
• Appearance: White powder
• Physical State: Powder
• pKa: 12.08 (25°C)
• Storage Conditions: Room Temperature

Case Study

D-mannose inhibits macrophage production

Torretta, Simone, et al. Nature communications 11.1 (2020): 6343.

D-mannose is a monosaccharide. Previous studies have shown that supraphysiological levels of D-mannose inhibit tumor growth and stimulate regulatory T cell differentiation. It is unclear whether D-mannose metabolism affects the function of non-proliferating cells, such as inflammatory macrophages. Some researchers have found that D-mannose inhibits LPS-induced macrophage activation by impairing IL-1β production. In vivo, administration of mannose improves survival in an LPS-induced endotoxemia mouse model and reduces progression in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model. Phosphomannose isomerase controls the response of LPS-activated macrophages to D-mannose, and D-mannose impairs glucose metabolism by increasing intracellular 6-phosphate mannose levels. This alteration leads to inhibition of succinate-mediated HIF-1α activation, resulting in reduced LPS-induced Il1b expression. The study reveals an unrecognized metabolic hijack of macrophage activation, pointing to the safe use of D-mannose as an effective intervention against inflammation.
At the end of differentiation, BMDM and human macrophages were washed with PBS and maintained in RPMI 1640, DMEM, respectively, both supplemented with 10% FBS and 2 mM glutamine. RAW 264.7 cells were treated in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 2 mM L-glutamine. BMDM, human macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells were activated with 100 ng/ml LPS diluted in water for 24 h. If not stated otherwise, D-mannose was dissolved in water and added at an equimolar concentration to the glucose present in the culture medium 2 h before LPS treatment when used in vitro. As controls, mannose and/or LPS-untreated cells were incubated with the corresponding volume of water (vehicle). Diethyl succinate and methyl pyruvate were used at the concentrations indicated in each figure caption and incubated for 2 h before LPS treatment.

D-mannose induces regulatory T cells

Zhang, Dunfang, et al. Nature medicine 23.9 (2017): 1036-1045.

D-mannose is the C-2 diastereomer of glucose, which occurs naturally in many plants and fruits and is present in human blood at concentrations less than one-fiftieth that of glucose. However, the role of D-mannose in T cell immune responses remains unclear. Supraphysiological levels of D-mannose safely achieved by drinking water supplementation suppress immunopathology in mouse models of autoimmune diabetes and airway inflammation and increase the proportion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mice. In vitro, D-mannose stimulates Treg differentiation in human and mouse cells by promoting activation of TGF-β from latent forms, which is in turn mediated by upregulation of integrin αvβ8 and reactive oxygen species generated by increased fatty acid oxidation. This previously unrecognized immunomodulatory function of D-mannose may have clinical applications in immunopathology.
Ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation was induced as described previously. Briefly, BALB/cJ mice were fed with D-mannose water (1.1 M), then adoptively transferred with 1 × 106 KJ1-26+CD4+CD25-naïve T cells isolated from DO11.10 TCR transgenic Rag2-/- mice, and injected with ovalbumin to induce ovalbumin-specific Tregs. The mice were then injected with ovalbumin intranasally (i.n.) for 4 consecutive days (100 μg/day/mouse). For treatment experiments of airway inflammation, BALB/cJ mice were induced to develop airway inflammation, then supplemented with D-mannose in water, and then injected with ovalbumin again.

Custom Q&A

What is the molecular weight of D-Mannose?

The molecular weight of D-Mannose is 180.16.

What is the boiling point of D-Mannose?

The boiling point of D-Mannose is 232.96 °C.

What is the melting point of D-Mannose?

The melting point of D-Mannose is 133-140 °C.

What is the purity of D-Mannose?

The purity of D-Mannose is 95%+.

What is the density of D-Mannose?

The density of D-Mannose is 1.539 g/cm³.

What is the appearance of D-Mannose?

The appearance of D-Mannose is white crystalline powder.

What are the typical applications of D-Mannose?

The typical applications of D-Mannose include use as an emulsion stabilizer and dispersing agent.

What are the synonyms of D-Mannose?

The synonyms of D-Mannose include 1,6-Anhydro-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-&alpha.

What is the physical state of D-Mannose?

The physical state of D-Mannose is a powder.

What is the CAS number of D-Mannose?

The CAS number of D-Mannose is 3458-28-4.